Peer Acceptance Essay Example for Free

Peer Acceptance EssayAs Sentse, Lindenberg, Omvlee, Ormel Veenstra (2009) stated, the need to belong is one of the most important need of an individual, and during adolescence, the closest free radical of people that an adolescent could have strong attachments with is his/her family and friends. In a study by Khurshid Rehman (2006), those who have low self-esteem were reported to have higher partner stressors as compared to others having high self-esteem.Their findings suggested that those who have low self-esteem face more problems with their peers that because they lack in self-confidence, their peers would see them as inferior, considered them as a boring disposition and that they always felt uncomfortable in the company of strangers, even among their friends. According to the study conducted by Parker et al. as cited in Kistner, David Repper, 2007), the perception of an individual to be accredited by peers would contribute to his/her adjustment in school or in any oth er areas of his/her life. Rejected individuals who perceived themselves to be accepted by their peers play to cope with and initiate social interactions better, than those who were rejected having negative perceptions of themselves being accepted (Rabiner Coie as cited in Kistner, David Repper, 2007).It was stated by Furman Robbins (as cited in Kingery, Erdley Marshall, 2011) that having the companion of peers would provide intimacy, esteem and a source of reliance for an individual, thus helping in his/her adjustment and help enhance self-esteem. Behavioral Indicators Individual feels that she belongs to a certain group feels that she is non alone in life accepts criticisms from other people does not find it difficult to socialize with peers.

The effects unemployment has on crime

The effects unemployment has on villainyUnemployment occurs when people are with out(a) jobs and they have actively looked forworkwithin the past four weeks.The unemployment rate is a account of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the crusade force (the world(prenominal) Labour Organization). There never occurs full employment in the coun seek. But there are different methods of combating unemployment. There are some countries that reached a token(prenominal) unemployment figure. A good example of this are the post World War II era when there was a huge economic growth occurring. e.g. the unify Kingdom in the 1950s and 60s when the average unemployment rate was at about 1.6 % (John Sloman (2004).Economics. Penguin. p.811), and in Australia in the 1945government established a policy of full employment, which lasted until the seventies when the government ran out of mone y. The latest statistics for UK unemployment is The unemployment rate stands at 7.7% down 0.1% over the quarter. 29.19 million people were in work in July to September check to the labour force survey (LFS). The number of people employed was up by 167,000 this quarter and up by intimately 300,000 from last year. (HRM Guide, 13 October 2010)As anyone so-and-so derive, there is a relationship surrounded by crime and unemployment. There have been a lot of studies into this topic as a low level of crime is socially desirable. Therefore, governments of all countries have tried to combat the hassle of rising crime levels.A good example of the latter is post Soviet Russia. execration rate in the 1980s increased to very elevated levels. This was the solvent of the collapse of the Soviet Union, because with it everything collapsed the law enforcement systems, social security, and minimal standard of living. And, obviously, these are the everlasting(a) conditions for an outbreak of crime. Extreme poverty and unpaid wages, which resulted from a suffering economy, have led to property crimes, theft and counterfeiting. By the early 1990s, theft, burglary, and other property crimes accounted for nearly two-thirds of all crime in the country.There was a rapid growth of violent crime, including homicides.( Crime in the Soviet EraFederal Research Division,depository library of Congress). In present times, though, Russia has done well in fighting this nightmare of crime. There are many other countries that have fought and are still combating this problem. By the use of the example of Russia, I wanted to show that unemployment is considered a very important cause of crime in any country, to apprehendher with law enforcement problems and as well labour market opportunities.Economic theories of the effect of crime on unemployment how many resources and how much punishment shouldbe used to enforce different kinds of legislation? throw away equivalently, although more strangely, how many offenses shouldbe permitted and how many offenders should go unpunished. Gary Becker (1968). Becker (1968) is considered to be the first work which formally analyses the issue of crime using an economic model. Becker links the problem of crime to social welfare. It is assumed that criminals are as rational as any other person. And, whence, if they are involved i n crime activities, it way that they are better off by doing so.The issue of opportunity cost comes up quite frequently in these discussions. If a potential offender, despite the companionship that he has about the punishment he will get if he commits a crime, still goes and does it it means that the reward that he is aiming at justifies the chance of him acquire caught and convicted. When looking at crime, the concept of rationality is applied not only to criminals, but to all parties involved judges, policemen, legislators and potential victims. So, when the institutions that control crime are de signed, their primary(prenominal) concern is not the crimes that are committed and how much they weigh, but the costs that occur to the society. As an example, if it takes half of the population to be turned into judges, policemen, etc in lay out to decrease the crime rate by 70%, it would probably not happen in the real life, because the cost of doing so is too high. Becker constructed a model, which identifies best levels of punishment by minimising the social cost induced by both combating crime and crimes themselves. This model predicts the aggregated supply of offences. The number of offences a criminal would commit, according to Becker, would be controvertly related to the probability of apprehension and the severity of punishment. It also includes a certain u term, which includes all other variables that terminate influence the predicted outcome e.g. income from legal and extrajudicial activities, education, risk aversion, etc.But, this variable u is not explicitly stud ied by Becker. This work was later on continued by Ehrlich (1972, 1973). Ehrlich states that a person is able to spend time on both legal and illegal activities, but the amount of time that one dedicates to any of those activities depends on the amount of utility (return) that he gets from it. By 1973, Ehrlich designed a mathematical model that describes this relationship. Ehrlich bases his model on the decision making under uncertainty theory. The confidence used is that a person can switch between legal and illegal activities during their lifetime, depending, as I have mentioned earlier, on the amount of utility they get from them (activities). There is no training and no costs involved in changing between the two.So, it is obvious, that an increase in opportunities in the legal market, e.g. higher probability of employment and higher wages would increase the expected utility gained from legal activities and so and individual, being rational, would spend more time on legal, rathe r than illegal deeds. Therefore, keeping a low level of unemployment, in theory will decrease the crime level.Cohen and Felson (1979) have proposed that in order for a crime to be done, it need three factors to be satisfied motivated offenders, suitable victims and the lack of effective legal punishment system. Leading from this, the increase in crime toil is caused by an increase in the first two factors under the third an ineffective legal system. This argument only supports the prediction made in Ehrlichs model. We can deduce a positive relationship between the rate of unemployment and the crime rate.On the other side of the argument, cantor and Land (1985) have predicted a negative relationship between the rate of unemployment and crime based on the works of Cohen and Felson. They suggested that the higher the unemployment, the less people there are in the second syndicate (suitable victims). If there are more unemployed, those who lost their jobs stay at home and therefore a void the risk of having their house robbed, for example. Also, a higher rate of unemployment is a sign of a recession, which means that there is less for the offenders to steal, for example. So, higher unemployment may reduce property crimes. Also, using the same logic, we can deduce a decrement in violent crimes again through a reduction in that second factor suitable victims. Statistically, most violent crimes are committed by strangers, so if you stay at home, you avoid that risk.Cantor and Land have designed an empirical model which tests the motivation and opportunity effects of unemployment rate on crime. There are several equations under estimation. The dependant variables include the differentiated levels of crimes like homicide, rape, assault, robbery, theft, burglary, etc. Independent variables are either up to date or differentiated unemployment rates. The argument in this story is that in case of a financial crisis those that become unemployed will receive some unempl oyment benefits, etc. And therefore they might not turn to criminal activities straight away, but after they are under financial pressure in case unemployment benefits or an alternating(a) source of income expires.This model has been criticized by several researchers in this area. For example, Greenberg in 2001 has argued that those who become unemployed might not have the sufficient resources to keep themselves, while out of work. This factor might make them engage in illegal activities, which contradicts the outcomes on the Cantor and Land model. He also questioned the mathematical approach of the model. Greenberg (2001) claimed that it is mathematically inconceivable if the differencing procedure is only carried out on the crime rates but not the explanatory variables.Also, Hale and Sabbagh (1991) have questioned mainly the empirical work of Cantor and Land. The ideas of integration and cointegration were introduced to show that their modelsare mis-specified. Leading from this, it is argued that any conclusions drawn from their work are probably unreliable.There are other papers that only try to derive the net effect of unemployment on crime, rather than taking into account motivation and opportunity costs. A good example is a paper pen by Fleisher (1963). In it, the author argues that there is a positive correlation between parent unemployment and youth crime. If there is a high level of unemployment in the country, adults become unemployed and it becomes very hard for them to provide for their children, who, therefore, might turn to illegal activities. Fleisher uses time series data to test this relationship because it gives a more thorough view of the relationship of different variable in a long period of time. The prediction of the model is justified using an OLS estimation and shows a positive and significant correlation between unemployment rate and youth crime.Some researchers preferred to use panel data to investigate this area. For example, a pa per create verbally by Raphael and Winter-Ebmer (2001) uses this approach. The argument in this paper is that there is a dependent relationship between crime and unemployment. One might be the cause of the other. E.g. high crime rates in the country will deter investment and so add to an increase in unemployment, which is what happens in countries like Russia. Because Russia is known for pink-collar crime, it is a serious obstacle to foreign direct investment. (Forbes.com). Also, people who have had a criminal record might set it very difficult to find a job a so remain unemployed. The results of the OLS estimations of the model are the following there is a positive relationship between unemployment and property crimes, but, on the other hand, there are insignificant results regarding the relationship between unemployment and more severe crimes like rape and murder. Although, one very interesting point of findings of this paper is the negative relationship between unemployment an d murder. The explanation of this can potentially be found in Ehrlichs three factor model. Unemployment could decrease the potential interaction between a criminal and a victim.

Concept Of An Ideal Life

Concept Of An Ideal LifeThroughout the 19th century, the problem of individual existence in the origination was an issue predominant to people in the Western World. The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche stated that the conditions of alienation and absurdity were the heart of the problem. Throughout the essay, I get out discuss Nietzsches analysis active charitable suffering and his solutions to it, and will use his philosophy to create a harmonious and meaningful spirit for myself.According to Nietzsche, humans suffer because of our weak tendency to aline to the societal ideals he explained that in order for us to avoid such suffering, we must choose to live behavior gibe to our passions and desires. In discussing our nature to go along with the moral conducts as accepted by the society, Nietzsche compares humans to cows. Much manage cows, we tend to just follow the accepted values, and essentially, become one in the herd. As a result, humans cause suffering to themse lves, because theyre too weak to challenge the seemingly correct socially constructed world. People commit that they have an indispensable meaning in active in the world, but in truth, keep is based on nothingness, that anything is by chance. The only way to end misery in our lives is if we become brave enough to passs risks and recognize what in truth determines our lives meaningful. Nietzsche describes the process of becoming, a representation of how we want to portray ourselves to others, as a foundation for living a valuable career. We decide whats meaningful and create the value in our human life.More over, Nietzsche illustrates a test to determine if our life has been worth living and describes how we should style our life to avoid any conflicts. To see if weve created a meaningful life, Nietzsche suggests the test of eternal return. The ultimate test is that if we were to go back and relive our lives, we would want each and every teeny-weeny occurrence to happen aga in, whether its a depressing or embarrassing moment, because in the end, we would live a perfect life. The momentary embarrassment or brokenheartedness wouldnt even matter because succeeding in living a valuable life would dominate any small glitches within our early life. If we could say yes to this test, then weve succeeded in living a meaningful life. In order to create such perfect lives, Nietzsche discusses the need to style our life. We must no longer believe in an innate self, but aesthetically approach our lives, in organizing our experiences into the self. We must turn to ourselves in determining our individual existence rather than turning to the world its like creating a work of art through painting various colors onto a wall. However, all our actions and every element must coherently be harmonious with one another and the parts should come to poundher as a magnificent whole. When we mold our lives the way we want it to be, we finish the artwork of essentially creating and styling ourselves.In take foring Nietzsches idea of becoming, Ive analyzed my desires and have come to recognize four essential elements God, wisdom, family, and health. Throughout my daily life, I constantly seek God to keep comfort in my life. Its through Him that I nobble to love others, and therefore, Im able to keep relationships with friends, family, and people in general. He teaches me to be compassionate toward others by video dis impart me the greatest example of true love from God Himself. Without Gods love, I wouldnt be able to connect with any of my family or friends because I wouldnt be able to truly love them. Its because He show me how to love that Im able to reach out to others. Moreover, He provides me with any necessities, such as food and shelter, in order to draw and quarter through my daily life. He cares about what I eat and what I do because its through Him that I am healthy. God also teaches me how to live life and gives me wisdom through lifes les sons from the things that I experience each day. Whether the experiences are good or bad, I understand that the instances that occur are messages from God to learn and apply them in my life. As I slowly begin to experience new things and adventure out into the worldmore, Im able to become more intellectual and sensible in learning how to survive the real world.My second element, companionship, which is interacting and connecting with other people, is a crucial component that prevents a feeling of alienation. Companionship is important because having a small group if intimate people with whom I could discuss any conflicts or problems would allow me to relax and be in a good psychological health. In addition, it is through my family members who care about me that Im able to learn about important life skills to equip myself from faltering in the outside world. Through my close cleave with my family and friends, Im able to rely on them when Im sick or hurt to help me cope with the pai ns. Often times, my mom makes me chicken noodle soup when I bulge a cold and checks up on me every few hours to see if my fever goes up or down. In the future, I hope to have a family of my own, consisting of a loving maintain and four children, two boys and two girls. I would like to name them Kwon, Jinwoon, Hyo-Joo, and Min-Ah. Living with my family, I would like to live in a large, juvenile two story gated house in Beverly Hills. The house should have a wide front and backyard with trees surrounding the area, giving the house much shade. In addition, there should be a large pool, a jacuzzi, and a tennis court in the backyard, as I would like to teach my children how to swim and play tennis from a young age. While interacting with them, I would also become fit and stay healthy. I would also like to go running with my husband in the quiet neighborhood to sustain our health, while spending time with each other, talking as we run.Aside from having companionship, my intellectual li fe is also important, as I hope to gain more wisdom and knowledge regarding the human physical structure, the Bible, God, and ways to survive in a competitive world. Specifically, as a female, I am not seen as highly as men, and therefore, if I want to achieve success, I must be willing to spend my time and learn more about the world I live in to be aware of the thing I will face. In order to become wiser about how to live life, I need to read the Bible and learn about what God says about the world. After understanding His motives and plans for the world, I then must take this topic and discuss it with my peers to get a diverse understanding of how they view the world we live in. In addition to gaining a basic knowledge to excerpt as well as knowing more about God, I would like to become more intellectual about the human body, as its something that interests me as well as a subject I need to study to ensure that I maintain a healthy body. In college, I would like to pursue the bio logical field to be more conscious of my body. Without wisdom, I wouldnt be able to survive in this society, where deception is so prevalent and wouldnt make the best decisions.The last element that is important in order to live a valuable life is having good health. Whether its the food I eat or the words of encouragement that I get, I need constant supplement to my body for it to sustain the things I face in everyday life. In persuasion about health, hygiene is crucial not only to my health but also in my relationship with others. People will only approach me if Im reinvigorated and healthy, not if Im dirty and sick. Moreover, in order to stay healthy, I need to make conscious choices of what I eat. I need to be astute in knowing what vegetables are healthy for certain parts of my body, and must be aware of eating a balanced diet. Yet, in the root of all that I do to maintain a good health, its through God that I am able to because He provides for all my needs and necessities. Ha ving a good health is a blessing from God, because not everyone sustains a healthy lifestyle. Nevertheless, as Im able to find comfort in God and relax, Im able to live a stress-free life by leaving everything up to Him, and therefore, I dont place any more burden on my body.While these four elements themselves are glorious, a harmonious, magnificent practice arises when all the elements are put together. Ten years from now, I imagine myself driving to the UCLA Ronald Reagan Hospital as a medical doctor. The moment I get out of my car, I will walk toward my office wearing 1 inch heels, a little make-up, a skirt, dress shirt, and a white covering over my clothes, with my badge hanging from the front pocket. When I get in my office, I need God to indirectly help me in handling the patients, and its through Him that Im able to love my patients and be willing to care for them. When I care for my patients, I need to be hospitable, open minded, and willing to treat them regardless of et hnicity, religion, or gender. Yet, in order to provide care, I need to be wise and intellectual about the human body, knowing every detail about the body parts functions and methods of treatment. My whole motive in becoming a physician is to allow my patients to stay healthy and prevent illnesses from overshadowing their lives, so I myself must be healthy. Aside from my career, Id also like to be a wonderful mother and wife. I picture coming home to my four children, in my nice modern styled house with leather furniture and wood floor and lying down on the couch while seeing my children playing together. I look over to the side of the wall that contains large family photos as well as bible verses that inspire me. In a moment of silence, I realize how amazing this life is, that every moment of it was worth living, and that I would relive the moments any day.In outlining a life for myself, Ive come to realize the importance of living life according to my passions. Rather than merely c onforming to how society says I should live and following the herd, I need to find whats meaningful in my life and pursue what I value. Its only after following my dreams when I can give value to my life. I wont be happy in the end just living life by how society shapes me to simply be accepted it doesnt matter how others view my life. The only way to achieve happiness and avoid suffering is if I stand up for my own beliefs and desires, challenging what society imposes on me. Only then will I be able to avoid questioning the use of goods and services of my life as well as feeling distant from myself and others. I will then become the person I want to be and will live with no regret and with no unaccomplished desires.

Analysis of Tescos Online Marketing Strategy

Analysis of Tescos Online foodstuffing StrategyThe Importance of online shopping in todays modern era is a fact that all organizations realize and amalgamate in their systems. The fast attractive, handy and approachable nature of online shopping is a divine revelation and must be said an incredible beginning to the innovations in the modern days. People can find what they need easily while surfing from the gismo of their homes, and they can search for varieties as well as look for desirable discounts tie in to different products. However, it is definitive to realize that there argon certain cons related with the idea of internet shopping as some people still believe that internet shopping is more risky than traditional shopping imputable to the lack of opportunity to physically examine the product and the lack of personal contact. Goldsmith and Goldsmith (2002) Phau Poon (2000).The immensity of the potential of the meshwork in problem proceedings is undeniable in the modern a ge (Cheung and Lee, 2006). However, like all other technology, the pros and cons of Internet as a business medium are too astray accepted by consumers as well as marketers, as while buyers can shop literally around the clock they may as well as puzzle to deal with enormous amounts of unwanted information about products (Huang, Chung and Chen, 2003). Hence, the need to critically examine the viability of this medium is crucially important for founding basis of future business environment (Clewley, Chen and Liu, 2009).Indeed the roughly interesting feature of this new dimension of market and strategy-building is the behaviour of the consumers, which shows that online shopping the near popular purpose of Internet usage among common consumers (Forsythe and Shi, 2003). This has also increased s compete of seek on the subject of strategies used by firms in retaining customers through the Internet (Reibstein, 2002 Jiang and Rosenbloom, 2005), which are flat much important (Ellis-C hadwick, Doherty and Anastasakis, 2007).Aim and Scope of the ResearchThe focus and scope of this research leave revolve around Tesco which is one of the UKs retail giants and enjoys a capacious presence in the UK cod to its wide scope network of retailing activities. This research aims at identifying and highlighting the merchandise strategy of Tesco and the way it can cope with the industry norms and standards. The focus of the marketing strategy will be on the e marketing or digital marketing framework applicable in the industry and how Tesco can use the internet to market and sell its product along with widespread promotional campaigns and identification of the buying behaviours. It is important to realize that Tesco being a bulky retail industry in the United Kingdom has a huge responsibility on its shoulder in order to offer to the needs of its customers who are the signalize stakeholders in Tescos marketing strategies.SMART ObjectivesSpecificMeasurableAchievableRealist icTimedThe Aim of this research shall be germane(predicate) to the SMART objectivesOBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCHThe Primary objective is to make the consumers of the Tesco products beware of the online marketing tool.Another objective is to measure the performance of the online profiling through internet surveys and consumers analysis of the products.Make efforts to increase the internet consumption through online marketing tools and advertising through a wide range of media players.Making a timely and budgeted forecasts of the efforts needful in internet marketing and the tools that are required for the impressive internet marketing.Making realistic goals related to the efficiency of the marketing strategies and their effectiveness in rescue the internet to the consumers door step.Research QuestionsFollowing are the proposed research questions for the studyHow has IT helped Tesco in strategic customer retention over the years?What are the key determinants of success for Tescos o nline marketing strategy?What are the fundamental elements of the e-marketing strategy of Tesco?What are the future prospects of online marketing for Tesco?Primary Research and Data AnalysisThe primary election research will be done through interviews and questionnaires that will focus on how the consumers think about the online shopping and what motivates and influences them to shop online from Tesco.com. The data analysis will be done in order to gain influential insights into the marketing strategies of Tesco and online marketing strategies and what should be done to impact the international arena. Realizations of the buying behaviours is always crucial when doing the primary research as we will study in this lit that buying behaviours varies with respect to the demographics as well as it influences the external environment. This is also very momentous due to the marketability of the tesco products as well as knowing that some people are not crabbedly confident while buying on line while others like to buy online.CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEWTesco being the leading food retailers in the United Kingdom and Ireland has its branches all over the UK. The comp either excels in the prep of quality food items and other retail households. The accompanys annual online sales exceeded an overwhelming $ 5 billion where as Tesco.com is known as the worlds largest online grocer. The customer base that is attracted by Tesco is a little less than 1 million and more than 250,000 orders that are being completed each week. The company has a very effective and integrated supply chain that consists of 1900 vans that operate and approx. 300 stores and 9000 pickers. The company dominated in the offline and online grocery market and has looked for other areas that need expansion, with a market share of UK retailing being 12.5%. The main competitor of tesco in the retail industry network is Asda, Morrisons, and Sainsbury. The Asda , that is owned by the US corporation Wall Mart since the year 1999 is the only when super market that has been a major competitor for Tesco. Wall Mart being the biggest food chain in the world has the annual sales that is viii times that of tesco, where as the clothing firm own by ASDA known as George provides a diverse range of clothing in the UK and there are plans for the company to takeover Matalan, i.e. the giant clothing and home furnishing store. The other major competitors to Tesco are Sainsbury that used to be the UK s biggest grocer until 1995, when Tesco emerged as the leading grocer. However, despite the forceful declines in the performances of Sainsbury it is known that ASDAs share being 16.6% compared to Sainsburys 16.22% i.e. not far behind.However, there are seemingly diverse growth opportunities for Tesco in the retail industry as Tesco believes that if there is any market share left there is also a potential for growth and expansion. In order to conduct a dilate and proper understanding of the online mark eting policy as an analyst or a practitioner it is important to founder a detailed study on the choices do by the organizations and also have an understanding of their behaviours. Shapiro, J.C hoque,K Keesler, I Richardson, R (2008). There are also some challenges faced by the company in online selling i.e. how to succeed without having huge expenses. The course of this literature will focus primarily on the online marketing strategies for Tesco, but it is foremost and important to discuss the technological drivers of change in the butt. This is a fact that the UK internet penetration was almost 64% and the Irelands internet penetration was almost 51% , however, these results make very cod statements for new and emerging online shopping markets. The company also relishes creating a valuable and sustainable supply chain, however, the company didnt have to change its supply chain due to its new strategy, but there was a need for more to be done in the area of online marketing. Tesco also defined and redefined the customer needs and also expanded the range of products being offered online and fulfilment of the needs. This new strategy also helped tesco immensely in the expansion of the product line without making any forceful changes.2.1 Digital MarketingTesco can use digital marketing with good effect to add value to the marketing strategies and promotional benefits. Although the company has a huge global presence but the growing age of the internet as a medium can be used much more effectively by the company. They can e-market and launch their upcoming products and sell it with a bigger and better effect. They must also look at the competitors digital marketing strategies and analyze the pros and cons of e marketing as a tool. The global companies like ASDA, Sainsbury and Morrison are competitors of Tesco and they have a global presence as they use digital marketing with huge effect.2.2 Creative MarketingMarketing itself is a very creative and innova tive field with various applications and implications. However, creative marketing is something different and innovative than any other type of marketing. Tesco being a global stigmatize has a big tick name as well as a stigmatise image. To maintain this company must influence its marketing team to be creative and innovative by bringing various dimensions into the marketing strategies. Creativity will bring more enhancements and attractiveness into the diverse range of products that the company deals in. They can also bring competition in creativity by selling outflank ideas and rewarding those ideas accordingly. Creativity always influences the customer and selling strategies always lay a desirable impact on the sales and productivity of any firm. This literature will discuss how digital marketing and creative marketing aspects can be used by Tesco to influence the buying behaviour of their customers and target a huge audience.Online marketing is the best way to attract custome rs and have efficient and effective marketing strategies that will be sustainable for the companys growth in future. Its important to realize that marketing is a very tactical and at the same time somewhat technical approach to bringing customers closer to the brand and creating a brand image as well as an influence in the eyes of the key stakeholders i.e. the consumers. Hence it is critical to understand the consumer behaviour and how the customers influences are touch by the change in the companys strategy. A customers loyalty is of import to achieve milestones and targets that are influenced by goals and agendas that are critical in the longer run and demonstrates a significant thinking of the behavioural aspects of the consumers.The Importance of Brand IdentityBrand identity is one of the crucial elements in the value that a brand creates in terms of its marketability, accessibility, and competitiveness. Brand identity is a firms most valued assets that it can capitalize on to have profits for long periods as an identity is the most basic investment that a company makes to establish its brand image. A brand identity has a lot to do with the online marketing and promotional aspects of the company like the calibre and stature of Tesco. Attracting customers towards a specific brand is not the only way a company can take advantage of its brand image it has also to focus on a strong employers brand. In totality it is important to realize that companies always capitalize on their initial marketing strategies, promotional campaigns and investments they make in their brand. Branding is a marketing strategy for creating, nurturing and even fostering the development of relevant and appropriate brand value propositions Abimbola, T Kocak, A(2007).Fig 1 Brand Image ModelConsumer BehaviourThe consumer behaviour is the relation with the consumers responsiveness and their attitudes. It has to do with the consumers reaction to the different products that are being launc hed in the retail industry (Tesco) and the products that are more famous amongst the consumers. There is a relation to the demographics of the environment i.e. the composition of the age, sex, age groups, location and cultural diversities. Companies these days have become more and more feedback oriented. Lerman, D (2006) with the help of customer satisfaction surveys and questionnaires. Consumers perceptions may differ from loyalty because of ignorance or lack of salience of origin.Consumer behaviour is fundamentally the identification of consumers attitude towards a specific brand and as according to MacInnis, H(2007) attitudes are important because they guide our thoughts i.e. the cognitive function, influence our feelings, i.e. the emotional intelligence and also affect our behaviour i.e. the cognitive function. Whatever the consumers of a certain product or influencing class decides which ads to read, whom to talk to, where to shop and where to eat is all based on the attitudes and their personal likings. This fact is similar in the case scenario of the all important retail industry where the trust factor is important as people most often dont trust the least known or not well known brands in the industry. Online marketing can play a very significant role regards to the key aspects concerned with consumer behaviour and consumer dynamics and it is critical to realize how the consumers think of a specific brand and its branding significance related to the industry.Market SegmentationMarket segmentation is the defining and sub dividing a large common that into segments that are clearly identified and has similar requirements, and demand characteristics. These segmentations are made according to the diversities in the culture and the geographical norms. The four factors that has the most effects on the market are the clear identification of the segments, a measure of its effective size, accessibility through promotional efforts and appropriateness to the polic ies and the resources of the firm. The four basic market segmentation strategies are based on behavioural, demographic, psychographic and the geographical differences.Behavioural IntentionsBehavioural intentions have a huge amount of significance regards to the behaviours of customers in terms of a brands image and its significance. Attribution theory is concerned with all the aspects of assigning casual inferences and how these particular interpretations influence behaviours. Swanson, S.R Davis, J.C(2003). The behavioural approach has a generalized focus on the market share, brand allegiance, exclusive purchase, and elasticity and/ or price until switching. Both the behavioural and the attitudinal approaches are have been given heavy criticism while the attitudinal approach has focused laid on the attitudes , the loyal and the disloyal acts , the brand preference of the consumers and the chance of purchase. White, C Yu, Y.T(2005). In the paradigm of the online marketing tools it is desirable and most significant to realize that how the behaviours and marketability aspects of the Tesco online products are grasped, evaluated and monitored by the consumers.Customer SatisfactionCustomer satisfaction holds animation regards to the branding strategies as customers are the end users of a product. Customer satisfaction can be achieved through absolute customer focus and customer retention that can only be achieved if the needs of the customers are catered keeping in mind the productivity and brand loyalty aspects. According to Caruana, A(2002) the expectancy/ disconfirmation in the process theory provides a vast amount of satisfaction studies that rely heavily on expectations, performance ,disconfirmation and satisfaction.Fig 2 Customer Satisfaction modelThe above model for customer satisfaction shows the customer as the mediator between the service quality and the service loyalty aspects that are involved in a customer and their relationship with a company. Cus tomer acts as a backbone to the branding strategies of a company as the customer are the opinion makers regards to brand significance and its vulnerability in a market.

Can Artificial Drainage of Wetlands Have Detrimental Effects on the Cha

IntroductionWetland soils are widely diverse. They are found from the arctic to the tropics. They support be mineral or organic, seasonal or year-round, marine or freshwater. The one thing they all have in common is that, for at least part of the year, they are gross(a) with water. This saturation has a significant impact on the soils characteristics such as the biota, chemistry, and physics. However, over the past century more than half of all the wetlands in the United States have been drained for agriculture and other uses such as construction. When the soils are drained the characteristics are drastically changed. This paper is an undertake to describe the changes in artificially drained soils and to consider a few of the consequences of these changes. BodyThe physical properties of saturated soils vary somewhat from wetland to wetland but are characterized by certain processes. One is the interaction of the soil with the watertable. Three patterns of possible groundwater flo w have been considered water could flow into the saturated areas from the surrounding area (discharge), making the saturated area the focal point water could flow through swamps because of local relief (flow-through) or water could flow from the saturated zone into surrounding areas (recharge) perhaps due to differential water use by plant communities or pumping (Crownover et al, 1995). There can also be vertical exchange of water mingled with the groundwater and saturated soil. For example, capillary effects pull water upward into the soil from the water table. Besides the vertical and horizontal flow of water, the area of the soil interpreted up by water is important. Wetland soils are either saturated or nearly saturated so that much of the pore space is... ...ne flatwood landscape dirt Science Society of America Journal, 59, 1199-1206. Fausey, N.R., Brown, L.C., Belcher, H.W. and Kanwar, R.S. (1995) Drainage and water quality in the Great Lakes and cornbelt states Journal of Irrigation Drainage Engineering, 121, 283-288. Leventhal, E. (1990). Alternative uses of wetlands other than conventional farming in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska EPA/171/R-92/006, 145 p. McBride, M. B. (2003) Environmental Chemistry of Soils Advances in Environmental Research, 8, 5-19Mitsch, W.J. and Gosselink, J.G. (2000). The value of wetlands importance of scale and landscape setting. Ecological Economics, 35, 25-33Schipper, L.A., Harfoot, C.G., McFarlane, P.N., and Cooper, (1994) Anaerobic bunkum and denitrification during plant decomposition in an organic soil Journal of Environmental Quality, 23, 923-928

The Censors, by Luisa Valenzuela Essay -- Satire, Symbols, Analysis

The ostracizes by Luisa ValenzuelaThe short study The Censors by Luisa Valenzuela is set in Argentina during the dictatorship of Jorge Videla who reigned from 1976 to 1983. Juan, the protagonist of the text, starts the story by writing a garner to his old friend, Mariana, at her new residence in Paris. He had received Marianas new address from a confidential source and was too excited to think of his actions before writing and sending the letter. Later, Juans mind was off his job during the day and he couldnt sleep at night, thinking of the letter (Valenzuela 966). He believes the contents to be innocent and irreproachable, but the censors of the Argentine government examine, sniff, feel, and read between the lines of each and every letter (Valenzuela 966) for the signs of ascent among the people. He then thinks of the censorship offices and the extremely few letters that are actu exclusivelyy sent. He ponders the months or years that a single letter could construct to be delive red and all that time the freedom, maybe even life, of both the sender and receiver are in jeopardy (Valenzuela 966). Juan is troubled for Marianas well being. He knows that the Censors Secret Command operates all over the world and theres nothing to stop them from going to the obscure Paris neighborhood and abduct Mariana (Valenzuela 966). Soon he decides his course of action is to join the Post Offices Censorship Division and retrieve his letter to save Mariana. Juan was hired without delay as there was a great demand for censors and no one bothered to check on his references (Valenzuela 966). He was content to be working all he could do to retrieve his letter was being done. Even when he was sent to Section K where envelopes were ... ...ack to destroy Juan. Since he didnt find the letter to be important, he acted carelessly and discarded it and was one more victim of his devotion to his work (Valenzuela 968). Although many people would not go as far as to essentially commit su icide through the government, Valenzuela is making the point that secrets are dangerous. At the same time, Valenzuela is showing the average person can perpetually be corrupted and caught up in their government if said government is corrupt. The most innocent person will always be tainted and finished by an iniquitous government. Through Juans letter and actions, Valenzuela depicts the satirical theme of how anyone can be corrupted by a perverted government.Works CitedValenzuela, Luisa. The Censors. Elements of belles-lettres World Literature. Trans. David Unger. Austin, Texas Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2006. Print.

Leadership Essay -- Interpersonal Trustworthiness

The problem to be investigated is how the gap of trust between leaders and pursuit, weakens employees commitment, harms wealth creation, and produces augment transaction expenses in plaques all over the world (Caldwell, Hayes & Long, 2010). Scandals involving large corporations in recent years have led to calls for more attention existence given to ethical behavior in spite of appearance companies, particularly among company leaders. A research area of interest is how ethical behavior among leaders impacts the environment of an organization and the behavior of its staff, including employees organizational dedication (Organizational Behavior Application Guide, 2011). Trust between leaders and a follower is essential for a company to be supremacyful. If the followers dont feel as if they can trust the leaders then there will not be open lines of communication within the company and without those nothing can get accomplished. Leaders todays face the challenge of earning the tru st and commitment of staff members if they want to steer their companies to success in a highly aggressive international framework. Inter individualal trustworthiness is a personal evaluation of the probability that another person can be trusted to respect responsibilities intrinsic within an apparent social contract. The connection amid leader behavior and leader trustworthiness becomes a function of each persons theoretical thinking as followers infer the understood and explicit elements of the social contract and the values that social contracts include. More and more, scholars have accept the leaderfollower connection as a chain of psychological contracts that increase to the level of a covenantal association (Caldwell, Hayes & Long, 2010). Leaders e... ...ched and that no field of study what they do, right or wrong, someone constantly knows about it. Unethical behavior is something that is not easily overlooked or forgiven in the business arena and erst a breach has b een identified it takes a big toll on the company and reputation for a long time to come. Organizational behavior is always in the spotlight and should be carried out in the most ethical way possible. The opportunities and benefits that are lost in the end from leaders who are not ethical are tremendous to most companies. Many times the damage that is done is beyond repair and sometimes costs the company its existence in the end. It is very important that organizations make sure that they have good ethical policies in place to guide leaders in the decisions that they make since they not all affect them personally but affect the company as a whole.